我们有时会在不能连接外网的机器上安装软件，这种情况我们只能提前下载好软件的所有依赖包，才能顺畅的安装好软件。
一般会有两种方式，一种是自建一个软件包仓库，一种是下载所有依赖包。
我编写了一个脚本来帮助大家 一键下载软件及依赖的离线包，接下来我们就来介绍下这个怎么用吧。
使用
脚本帮助
[root@node130 ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lework/script/master/shell/get_packages.sh
[root@node130 ~]# bash get_packages.sh
Download Packages With Dependencies Locally.
Usage:
get_packages.sh system package [package repo]
Support system:
centos6 centos7 centos8 debian8 debian9 debian10
Example:
get_packages.sh centos7 ansible
get_packages.sh centos7 "python36 python36-devel"
get_packages.sh centos7 ceph /root/ceph.repo
Usage: 使用的格式，package repo 需要指定绝对路径
Support system: 支持的系统
Example: 示例
centos7-ansible
下载 centos7 系统上 ansible 的相关依赖包
因为要在 centos 7 系列系统上安装 ansible
[root@node130 ~]# bash get_packages.sh centos7 ansible
[Docker] start container
Unable to find image 'centos:7' locally
7: Pulling from library/centos
ab5ef0e58194: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4a701376d03f6b39b8c2a8f4a8e499441b0d567f9ab9d58e4991de4472fb813c
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
05f802d89c660f0bb67c41a5e3f9ffa15363c9e5a300976098e8ed8df2f32ce2
[Docker] update repo cache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created
[Docker] download package
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ansible.noarch 0:2.9.3-1.el7 will be installed
.......
---> Package python-ply.noarch 0:3.4-11.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
ansible noarch 2.9.3-1.el7 epel 17 M
Installing for dependencies:
PyYAML x86_64 3.10-11.el7 base 153 k
.......
sshpass x86_64 1.06-2.el7 extras 21 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+23 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 22 M
Installed size: 125 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
warning: /tmp/package/ansible-2.9.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Public key for ansible-2.9.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.8 MB/s | 22 MB 00:12
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[Docker] stop container
package
[Local] show file
Path: /root/package_centos7_ansible
总用量 22988
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 10 21:32 .
dr-xr-x---. 4 root root 240 3月 10 21:31 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18180603 1月 21 06:13 ansible-2.9.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm
.......
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21896 9月 8 2017 sshpass-1.06-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
这个脚本会先下载docker镜像 centos:7, 然后更新仓库缓存，接着下载软件包及依赖。最后退出容器打印软件包列表，软件存储在脚本运行目录的package_centos7_ansible目录中，拿着这些包就可以去无网的机器上安装了(yum localinstall *.rpm)。
centos7-python36
下载 centos7 系统上 python36 的相关依赖包
因为要在 centos 7 系列系统上安装 python36 python36-devel
[root@node130 ~]# bash -x get_packages.sh centos7 "python36 python36-devel"
[Docker] start container
124acdfcaf36bd5cb75b6823b770bc90079817ec7022420f589a89ce288c0f92
[Docker] update repo cache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created
[Docker] download package
+ docker exec package yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/package python36 python36-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python3.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python3-libs(x86-64) = 3.6.8-10.el7 for package: python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64
......
---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
python3 x86_64 3.6.8-10.el7 base 69 k
python3-devel x86_64 3.6.8-10.el7 base 215 k
......
zip x86_64 3.0-11.el7 base 260 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Packages (+40 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 22 M
Installed size: 89 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.0 MB/s | 22 MB 00:11
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[Docker] stop container
package
[Local] show file
Path: /root/package_centos7_python36
总用量 23116
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 11 11:16 .
dr-xr-x---. 8 root root 4096 3月 11 11:14 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101080 7月 4 2014 dwz-0.11-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
.....
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 70736 8月 23 2019 python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 220244 8月 23 2019 python3-devel-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
debian7-ceph
下载 centos7 系统上 ceph 的相关依赖包
因为要在 centos 7 系列系统上安装 ceph
ceph 安装包并不在系统包仓库中，所以我们要给出仓库文件
[root@node130 ~]# cat >> ceph.repo << EOF
[ceph]
name=ceph
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-luminous/el7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
type=rpm-md
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/keys/release.asc
[ceph-noarch]
name=cephnoarch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-luminous/el7/noarch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
type=rpm-md
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/keys/release.asc
[ceph-source]
name=ceph-source
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-luminous/el7/SRPMS/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
type=rpm-md
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/keys/release.asc
EOF
运行脚本
repo 需要指定绝对路径
[root@node130 ~]# bash get_packages.sh centos7 ceph /root/ceph.repo
[Docker] start container
5d9625fd5206c8199ba0c0d75d4ef52edb488c78be37b6f5f269b3e95d13b1ce
[Docker] update repo cache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created
[Docker] download package
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
....
---> Package libnfnetlink.x86_64 0:1.0.1-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
ceph x86_64 2:12.2.13-0.el7 ceph 3.0 k
Installing for dependencies:
audit-libs-python x86_64 2.8.5-4.el7 base 76 k
......
xfsprogs x86_64 4.5.0-20.el7 base 896 k
Updating for dependencies:
device-mapper x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 updates 294 k
device-mapper-libs x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 updates 322 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+117 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 93 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
warning: /tmp/package/ceph-12.2.13-0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 460f3994: NOKEY
Public key for ceph-12.2.13-0.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
warning: /tmp/package/leveldb-1.12.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Public key for leveldb-1.12.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.4 MB/s | 93 MB 00:38
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[Docker] stop container
package
[Local] show file
Path: /root/package_centos7_ceph
总用量 95428
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 3月 10 21:44 .
dr-xr-x---. 5 root root 285 3月 10 21:42 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 78256 8月 23 2019 audit-libs-python-2.8.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
.......
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 917404 8月 23 2019 xfsprogs-4.5.0-20.el7.x86_64.rpm
debian9-ansible
下载 debian9 系统上 ansible 的相关依赖包
因为要在 debian 9 系列系统上安装 ansible
[root@node130 ~]# bash get_packages.sh debian9 ansible
[Docker] start container
Unable to find image 'debian:9' locally
9: Pulling from library/debian
c0c53f743a40: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ddb131307ad9c70ebf8c7962ba73c20101f68c7a511915aea3ad3b7ad47b9d20
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:9
6c338a63c0baa639ff1c72fb6671d32efd0a08849ea3f17e8d1b69d123ecdf2a
[Docker] update repo cache
Ign:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch InRelease
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease [94.3 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch-updates InRelease [91.0 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch Release [118 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates/main amd64 Packages [520 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch-updates/main amd64 Packages [27.9 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch Release.gpg [2410 B]
Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages [7083 kB]
Fetched 7937 kB in 7s (1025 kB/s)
Reading package lists...
[Docker] download package
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
bzip2 ca-certificates file ieee-data krb5-locales libexpat1 libffi6 libgmp10
......
python-yaml python2.7 python2.7-minimal readline-common wget xz-utils
Suggested packages:
cowsay sshpass bzip2-doc gnutls-bin krb5-doc krb5-user python-doc python-tk
......
python2.7-doc binutils binfmt-support readline-doc
Recommended packages:
python-winrm
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ansible bzip2 ca-certificates file ieee-data krb5-locales libexpat1 libffi6
......
python-yaml python2.7 python2.7-minimal readline-common wget xz-utils
0 upgraded, 59 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 16.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 69.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch/main amd64 libpython2.7-minimal amd64 2.7.13-2+deb9u3 [389 kB]
......
Get:59 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch/main amd64 publicsuffix all 20190415.1030-0+deb9u1 [108 kB]
Fetched 16.2 MB in 9s (1789 kB/s)
Download complete and in download only mode
[Docker] stop container
package
[Local] show file
Path: /root/package_debian9_ansible
总用量 15988
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 10 21:50 .
dr-xr-x---. 7 root root 4096 3月 10 21:50 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675354 3月 10 21:50 ansible_2.2.1.0-2+deb9u1_all.deb
......
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 265858 3月 10 21:50 xz-utils_5.2.2-1.2+b1_amd64.deb
使用 dpkg -i *.deb 就能安装吧。